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[[File:Jepara01.jpg|thumb|373x373px|''Traditional javanese teak carved door. In Java it is known as the Gebyok door.'']]
== Wood Carving in Different Regions of Indonesia ==
The art of wood carving is quite well-developed in Indonesia. Other than tribal art woodcarvings of Asmat (west Papoea-New-Guinea), Dayak (Borneo), Nias (west Sumatra), and Toraja (south Sulawesi) area is well known for its refined wood carving culture; they are Jepara in Central Java, and Bali. Mas village near Ubud in Bali is renowned for their wood carving art.<br>


== The history of balinese woodcarving ==
Woodworking is arguably the most widely practiced art form in Indonesia. It seems like most ethnic groups and regional people practice it some form. The Asmat produce their famous totem-pole-like bis poles; the Toraja decorate their houses with images of buffalos and cocks; the Dayaks produce magical dog carvings; and the Batak protect their houses with horned lion heads. The center of woodworking in Java is the town of Jepura on the north coast of Central Java. Artists here produce traditional Hindu-Buddhist styles as well as Islamic styles. Other important centers include Kudus, known for its derailed panels, and Madura.<br>
There are a wide range of wood carvings and decorative panels, all hand carved in Ubud region, Bali. Now you may wonder how this tradition of wood carving started on the island of Gods. Let’s look into the history of this centuries old tradition and understand why Bali has become a reference in this field.<br>
Religion, rituals and arts have always been intimately intertwined in Bali. However, prior to 20th century, the purpose of the fine art of wood carving was purely religious. Wood panels and statuettes were not meant to decorate people’s home, as they are today.


While some carved stones were dated back to 9th century (check out the Elephant Cave near Bedulu, Gianyar), wood carving, which required more skills and is more refined than stone work, only started around 12th century. At that time, the style was a mix of Buddhist and Hindu influence. The influence of Hindu style traditional carving was completed in 13th to 14th centuries when Bali became Majapahit (a thalassocracy in Southeast Asia) colony. The old Balinese carving were constrained by tradition - mainly making figures of Gods and demons.<br>
[[File:Jepara03.jpg|thumb|left|''Wood carving furniture from Jepara City.''|281x281px]]
The cottage carving industry of Bali finds a wide domestic and international market for its statues of people, deities, and animals, many of which are finely artistic, some hackneyed. Perhaps the most common carving is in the urban furniture industry, mainly in Java, where ornately carved sofas and chairs are very popular. Traditional puppet or animal carvings of the mountain Batak of Sumatra or the upriver Dayak of Kalimantan are now mainly for tourists, though they once showed rich artistry (now largely seen in museums). The Toraja homes are still elaborately carved, and small examples of these carvings are sold to tourists. Toraja carve decorations on large bamboo tubes used for carrying palm wine or rice, and people in eastern Indonesia decorate small bamboo tubes that carry lime used in betel chewing.<br>


Wood carving for commercial purpose was initiated around 1930 when it was introduced to Netherlands and Europe by the Dutch traders, who quickly figured there was a big demand for these products. Following this, some Western artists (such as Rudolf Bonnet, Walter Spies and the Dutch musicologist Jaap Kunst) took residence in Bali, more specifically in Ubud and Mas, where their styles and skills influenced the local wood carving techniques and designs. These artists helped and supported the rebirth of local sculpture and painting, which had been partly affected by the colonisation of the island, as the Dutch invasion of Southern Bali in 1906-1908 not only wrecked the old courts of the island but also disrupted the ancient processes of art making. Under the ruling of the Dutch, Balinese artists were forced to use their abilities to make commodities instead of religious items. This would in turn influence the subjects of their sculptures once they were freed from the Dutch oppression after World War 2.<br>
The most famous woodcarving centers are Bali, Central Java, Madura, Sumatra and Papua. Whimsical, brightly colored modern carvings are produced primarily in Bali. And the popularity of these pieces has Modern Wood Carvings from Bali influenced the wooden carving traditions of other regions as well. Most popular with expats are Javanese and Balinese wooden image carvings, Jepara lattice-like three-dimensional reliefs and Papuan primitive carvings. Papuan tribes such as the Asmat, Dani, and Komoro have very distinctive styles of carvings of totem poles, weapons, figures and utensils.<br>


Under the positive influence of Rudolf Bonnet and Walter Spies, more westerners started making a living of distributing and exporting Balinese works to a broader international audience. This trend encouraged local craftsmen to explore new styles and carving techniques.
[[File:Nyoman jiwa-woodcarver.jpg|thumb|260x260px|''Nyoman Jiwa - woodcarver from the Gianyer regency.'']]
 
'''Woodcarver Nyoman Jiwa'''<br>
Today, Balinese wood carvings are made for different purposes: spiritual use, home decoration or commercial use. With the increasing opening of Bali to tourists from all over the world, Balinese wood carvings can be found all over the world in people’s home or international hotel chains, where they are used to adorn guests’ bedrooms. It seems that the skills and creativity of the Balinese people is finally recognized and celebrated as deserved!
Nyoman Jiwa started learning the art of woodcarving from his grandfather when he was just 10 years old. A quiet, gentle man, this very talented artisan takes his role in life very seriously; dividing his wood carving into two distinct forms; business and art. The business aspect involves making cabinets, tables and chairs for private houses and villas and carving stone pieces for landscaping projects. Nyoman earns enough to feed his family and have a reasonable living, but his real woodcarving creativity is saved for special occasions such as cremation ceremonies or Odalan (temple ceremonies).<br>
 
Nyoman helps construct bades (cremation towers that carry the deceased person’s bones to the place where the cremation takes place), which assists the families of those who have died. He helps facilitate people whose time it is to move to the next world or Niskala. When making a bade, Nyoman meditates to find inspiration from the Gods, which helps his creative inspiration and directs him to make something very special for the deceased family.<br>Nyoman lives in Gianyer regency, the home of woodcarvers and the centre of the arts in Bali, with a long history of religious tradition where woodcarvers like Nyoman are highly revered. In the words of Louis Nizer, a famous British-born American lawyer, “A man who works with his hand is a labourer, a man who works with his hand and his brain is a craftsman, but a man who works with his hand, his brain and his heart, is an artist.” On this basis, I have no doubt that this humble gentleman is indeed an artist, with the combination of heart, hand and head, and we all can only hope that his legacy will be passed down to the younger generation, as it has been in the past.<br>
To end this post, here is a great quotation from Louis Nizer: "A man who works with his hand is a labourer, a man who works with his hand and his brain is a craftsman, but a man who works with his hand, his brain and his heart is an artist".
----
'''More info:'''<br>
[https://handmadefurnitures.com/wood-carving-furniture-indonesia/ Wood carving furniture from Jepara City]<br>
[https://artdiancollection.com/furniture-and-wood-carving-craft-in-java-indonesia/ Furniture and wood carving craft in Java Indonesia]<br>
[https://earlysettlerblog.com/indonesian-day-beds/ The Ancient Art of Indonesian Woodcarving]<br>


[[Category:Other Wood Carvings]]
[[Category:Other Wood Carvings]]
[[Category:Wood Carvings]]
[[Category:Wood Carvings]]

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Traditional javanese teak carved door. In Java it is known as the Gebyok door.

Wood Carving in Different Regions of Indonesia

The art of wood carving is quite well-developed in Indonesia. Other than tribal art woodcarvings of Asmat (west Papoea-New-Guinea), Dayak (Borneo), Nias (west Sumatra), and Toraja (south Sulawesi) area is well known for its refined wood carving culture; they are Jepara in Central Java, and Bali. Mas village near Ubud in Bali is renowned for their wood carving art.

Woodworking is arguably the most widely practiced art form in Indonesia. It seems like most ethnic groups and regional people practice it some form. The Asmat produce their famous totem-pole-like bis poles; the Toraja decorate their houses with images of buffalos and cocks; the Dayaks produce magical dog carvings; and the Batak protect their houses with horned lion heads. The center of woodworking in Java is the town of Jepura on the north coast of Central Java. Artists here produce traditional Hindu-Buddhist styles as well as Islamic styles. Other important centers include Kudus, known for its derailed panels, and Madura.

Wood carving furniture from Jepara City.

The cottage carving industry of Bali finds a wide domestic and international market for its statues of people, deities, and animals, many of which are finely artistic, some hackneyed. Perhaps the most common carving is in the urban furniture industry, mainly in Java, where ornately carved sofas and chairs are very popular. Traditional puppet or animal carvings of the mountain Batak of Sumatra or the upriver Dayak of Kalimantan are now mainly for tourists, though they once showed rich artistry (now largely seen in museums). The Toraja homes are still elaborately carved, and small examples of these carvings are sold to tourists. Toraja carve decorations on large bamboo tubes used for carrying palm wine or rice, and people in eastern Indonesia decorate small bamboo tubes that carry lime used in betel chewing.

The most famous woodcarving centers are Bali, Central Java, Madura, Sumatra and Papua. Whimsical, brightly colored modern carvings are produced primarily in Bali. And the popularity of these pieces has Modern Wood Carvings from Bali influenced the wooden carving traditions of other regions as well. Most popular with expats are Javanese and Balinese wooden image carvings, Jepara lattice-like three-dimensional reliefs and Papuan primitive carvings. Papuan tribes such as the Asmat, Dani, and Komoro have very distinctive styles of carvings of totem poles, weapons, figures and utensils.

Nyoman Jiwa - woodcarver from the Gianyer regency.

Woodcarver Nyoman Jiwa
Nyoman Jiwa started learning the art of woodcarving from his grandfather when he was just 10 years old. A quiet, gentle man, this very talented artisan takes his role in life very seriously; dividing his wood carving into two distinct forms; business and art. The business aspect involves making cabinets, tables and chairs for private houses and villas and carving stone pieces for landscaping projects. Nyoman earns enough to feed his family and have a reasonable living, but his real woodcarving creativity is saved for special occasions such as cremation ceremonies or Odalan (temple ceremonies).
Nyoman helps construct bades (cremation towers that carry the deceased person’s bones to the place where the cremation takes place), which assists the families of those who have died. He helps facilitate people whose time it is to move to the next world or Niskala. When making a bade, Nyoman meditates to find inspiration from the Gods, which helps his creative inspiration and directs him to make something very special for the deceased family.
Nyoman lives in Gianyer regency, the home of woodcarvers and the centre of the arts in Bali, with a long history of religious tradition where woodcarvers like Nyoman are highly revered. In the words of Louis Nizer, a famous British-born American lawyer, “A man who works with his hand is a labourer, a man who works with his hand and his brain is a craftsman, but a man who works with his hand, his brain and his heart, is an artist.” On this basis, I have no doubt that this humble gentleman is indeed an artist, with the combination of heart, hand and head, and we all can only hope that his legacy will be passed down to the younger generation, as it has been in the past.


More info:
Wood carving furniture from Jepara City
Furniture and wood carving craft in Java Indonesia
The Ancient Art of Indonesian Woodcarving